Visual Illusions

Description - Visual Illusions - is an illusion caused by the visual system and characterized by visually perceived images that differ from objective reality.

Example : The reason why this illusion tricks you is because of how the boxes are uneven which make the line appear uneven

Example: The reason why the lines do not appear to be the same size is because the of how the lines on the end are facing either up or down.   

Example: The reason that after 10 seconds we see the building a different color is because the rods and cones that see those colors get tired so they take a break and we see the white as the opposite color that appeared before the 10 seconds. 

  

Shape Constancy

Description - Shape constancy - refers to the phenomenon in which the percent of the shape of a given object remains constant despite changes in the shape of the object's retinal image.

Example : Even though the coin show is being rotated a different way each time we perceive the coins on both sides of the straight coin to be the same size even though they are not rotated the same. 

Brightness constancy

Description - Brightness constancy - The tendency for a visual object to be perceived as having the same brightness under widely different conditions of illumination.

Example : The girl is the exact same color on both sides we just perceive her to be either darker or lighter because of the background the surrounds her.

Size Constancy

Description - Size constancy - Within a certain range, people's perception of one particular object's size will not change, regardless of changes in distance or the video size change on the retina. The perception of image is still based upon the actual size of the perceptual characteristics.

Example : The people appear to to be different sizes because of how the lines that are creating the walls around the people are going back to one central point, which makes the walls look like they are going back so our eyes think that the closest person is smaller than the person in the back. 

Binocular Cues

Description - Binocular cues - They are the visual information taken in by two eyes that enable us a sense of depth perception, or stereopsis. This happens because our eyes take in information from different angles.  

Description - Retinal disparity - is defined as the way that your left eye and your right eye view slightly different images. 

Description - Convergence - refers to the fact that the closer an object, the more inward our eyes need to turn in order to focus.


Example : Because your right and left eyes are on different sides of your head, so they help us determine distances by combining what both of what our eyes see, which allows us to have a sense of depth perception.